Joseph Lister

Joseph Lister born in England on 5 April 1827 He was a British surgeon and a pioneer of antiseptic surgery. Lister successfully introduced carbolic acid (now known as phenol) to sterilise surgical instruments and to clean wounds. Lister's work led to a reduction in post-operative infections and made surgery safer for patients, distinguishing him as the "father of modern surgery" Lister was president of the Royal Society between 1895 and 1900 Died on 10 February 1912 Categories: Famous Scientists,1827 Births, 1912 Deaths, England,

Niels Bohr

Niels Henrik David Bohr born on 7 October 1885 Bohr was a Danish physicist Bohr made foundational contributions to understanding atomic structure and quantum theory Bohr received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1922 Bohr developed the Bohr model of the atom Bohr founded the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Copenhagen He predicted the existence of a new zirconium-like element, which was named hafnium (Later, the element bohrium was named after him) During the 1930s, Bohr helped refugees from Nazism. Bohn expired on 8 November 1962 Categories: Famous Scientists, 1885 Births, 1962 Deaths, Denmark,

John Dalton

John Dalton born on 6 September 1766 in England Dalton was an English chemist, physicist, and meteorologist Dalton is best known for proposing the modern atomic theory and for his research into colour blindness Dalton expired on 27 July 1844 Categories: Famous Scientists, 1766 Births, 1844 Deaths, England

Alexander Graham Bell

Alexander Graham Bell born on March 3, 1847 Graham Bell was a Scottish-born scientist, inventor, engineer, and innovator Bell is credited with patenting the first practical telephone and founding the American Telephone and Telegraph Company (AT&T) in 1885. Bell's both his mother and wife were deaf, profoundly influencing Bell's life's work. His research on hearing and speech further led him to experiment with hearing devices which eventually culminated in Bell being awarded the first U.S. patent for the telephone in 1876. Many other inventions marked Bell's later life, including groundbreaking work in optical telecommunications, hydrofoils, and aeronautics. Bell was second president of National Geographic Society (1896-98) Bell expired on August 2, 1922 Categories:Famous Scientists, 1847 births, 1922 deaths,

Thomas Alva Edison

Thomas Alva Edison born on February 11, 1847 at Milan, Ohio, U.S. Edison was an American inventor and businessman Edison has been described as America's greatest inventor Edison developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and the long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. Edison was a prolific inventor, holding 1,093 US patents in his name, as well as many patents in the United Kingdom, France, and Germany. Edison's inventions contributed to mass communication and, in particular, telecommunications. His first power station was on Pearl Street in Manhattan, New York. In 1915, Edison was awarded Franklin Medal of The Franklin Institute In 1923, the American Institute of Electrical Engineers created the Edison Medal and he was its first recipient. Edison expired on October 18, 1931 West Orange, New Jersey, U.S at the age of 84. Categories:Famous Scientists, American People, 1847 births, 1931 deaths,

Telangana

Telangana is one of the 29 states in India Telangana formed on 2 June 2014 as the youngest state in India, from the northwestern part of the Joint State of Andhra Pradesh Telangana has an area of 112,077 square kilometres Hyderabad is the caiptal city of Telangana As per 2011 census Population of the state is 35,193,978 It is the twelfth-largest state in India, and the twelfth-most populated state in India. Telangana is situated on the Deccan Plateau The region is drained by two major rivers the Godavari River and the Krishna River Telangana is also drained by several minor rivers such as the Bhima, the Maner, the Manjira and the Musi. Its major cities include Hyderabad, Warangal, Nizamabad and Khammam. Telangana is bordered by the states of Maharashtra to the north and north west, Chhattisgarh to the north, Karnataka to the west and Andhra Pradesh to the east and south. Telangana had a history as the Telugu-speaking region of the princely state of Hyderabad, ruled by the Nizam of Hyderabad It joined the Union of India in 1948. In 1956, the Hyderabad State was dissolved as part of the linguistic reorganisation of states and Telangana was merged with former Andhra State to form Andhra Pradesh. Following a movement for separation, Telangana was awarded separate statehood on 2 June 2014. Telangana was governed by many rulers, including the Satavahana dynasty (230 BCE to 220 CE), the Kakatiya Dynasty (1083–1323), the Musunuri Nayaks (1326–1356) the Delhi Sultanate, the Bahmani Sultanate (1347–1512), Qutb Shahi dynasty (1512–1687), Mughal Empire (1687–1724) and Asaf Jahi Dynasty Rice is major food crop and staple food of the state. Rajiv Gandhi International Airport at Shamshabad is an international airport serving the city of Hyderabad. It is the largest airport in the state and one of the busiest airports in the country. See Also Districts of Telangana Cities of Telangana Tourism places in Telangana Famous persons of Telangana Categories: Indian States, Telangana

Portal: States and union territories of India

Portal:States and union territories of India  States Andhra Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Assam Bihar Chhattisgarh Goa Gujarat Haryana Himachal Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Jharkhand Karnataka Kerala Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Manipur Meghalaya Mizoram Nagaland Odisha Punjab Rajasthan Sikkim Tamil Nadu Telangana Tripura Uttar Pradesh Uttarakhand West Bengal  Union Territories Andaman and Nicobar Islands Chandigarh Dadra and Nagar Haveli Daman and Diu Delhi Lakshadweep Puducherry Categories:Indian Lists, Indians Portals,

List of Indian dances

Bhangra (Punjab) Bharatnatyam (Tamil Nadu) Bihu dance (Assam) Bathukamma (Telangana) Chhau(Odisha, West Bengal) Dandiya (Gujarat) Garba (Gujarat) Giddha (Punjab) Jhumur (Assam, Jharkhand, Odisha,West Bengal) Kathak (Uttar Pradesh) Kathakali (Kerala) Kuchipudi (Andhra Pradesh) Kolattam (Tamil Nadu) Lavani (Maharastra) Mohiniattam (Kerala) Manipuri (Manipur) Nautanki (Uttar Pradesh) Odissi (Odisha) Raut Nacha (Chhattisgarh) Yakshagana (Karnataka) Categories:Indian Dances,

List of Indian Cities on Rivers

Agra → Yamuna Ahmedabad → Sabarmati Allahabad → Ganga, Yamuna and Saraswati Ayodhya → Saryu Badrinath → Alaknanda Banki → Mahanadi Brahmapur → Rushikulya Chhatrapur → Rushikulya Bhagalpur → Ganges Kolkata → Hugli Cuttack → Mahanadi New Delhi → Yamuna Dibrugarh → Brahmaputra Ferozpur → Sutlej Guwahati → Brahmaputra Haridwar → Ganges Hyderabad → Musi Jabalpur → Narmada Kanpur → Ganges Kota → Chambal Kottayam → Meenachil Kurnool  → Tungabhadra Jaunpur → Gomti Patna → Ganges Rajahmundry → Godavari Srinagar → Jhelum Surat     → Tapi Tiruchirapalli → Kaveri Varanasi → Ganges Vijayawada → Krishna Vadodara → Vishwamitri Mathura → Yamuna Mirzapur → Ganga Auraiya → Yamuna Etawah → Yamuna Bangalore → Vrishabhavathi Farrukhabad → Ganges Fatehgarh → Ganges Kannauj → Ganges Mangalore → Netravati, Gurupura Shimoga → Tunga River Bhadravathi → Bhadra Hospet → Tungabhadra Karwar → Kali Bagalkot → Ghataprabha Honnavar → Sharavathi Gwalior → Chambal Gorakhpur → Rapti Lucknow → Gomti Kanpur Cantonment → Ganges Shuklaganj     → Ganges Chakeri → Ganges Malegaon → Girna River Sambalpur → Mahanadi Rourkela → Brahmani Pune →     Mula, Mutha Daman → Daman Ganga River Madurai → Vaigai Thiruchirapalli → Kaveri Chennai → Cooum, Adyar Coimbatore → Noyyal Erode → Kaveri Tirunelveli → Thamirabarani Bharuch → Narmada Karjat → Ulhas Nashik → Godavari Mahad → Savitri Nanded → Godavari Kolhapur → Panchaganga Nellore → Pennar Nizamabad → Godavari Sangli → Krishna Karad → Krishna, Koyna Hajipur → Ganges Ujjain     → Shipra Categories:Indian Rivers,

First in India

Architecture First Dam in India: Kallanai Dam, one of the worlds oldest, still in use. Originally constructed by the Chola king Karikala Cholan around the 2nd Century AD First Stepwell still existing : Mata Bhavani's Stepwell built in 11th century in Gujrath. First temple constructed from a single rock, still standing: Kailasa temple, Ellora built in 744 CE built by Rashtrakuta king Krishna I First temple in Kalinga architecture still standing: Konark Sun Temple built in 1255 AD. First temple with many interconnected structures still standing: Brihadeeswarar Temple, Tanjore, Tamil Nadu built in 1002 AD. First Islamic (tomb) in India: Sultan Ghari Sultan Ghari built in 1231 CE for Prince Nasir ud, eldest son of Iltumish. First true dome: Alai Darwaza, Qutb complex, Delhi, built in 1311 CE, by first Khilji Sultan of Delhi, Ala-ud-din Khilji. First true arch: Balban's tomb, Mehrauli Archeological Park, Delhi, built c. 1287 CE, by Ghiyas ud din Balban of Mamluk dynasty. First garden-tomb on the Indian subcontinent, also the first with Persian double-dome: Humayun's Tomb, Delhi, built 1562–1571 CE. First Mosque in India: Cheraman Juma Masjid,Methala, Kodungallur, Kerala built 629 A.D by Malik Bin Dinar. Awards and titles Mr. Universe: Manohar Aich in 1952 Miss World: Reita Faria in 1966. (She was also the first Asian to win the title.) Miss Asia Pacific: Zeenat Aman in 1970 International Teen Princess: Radha Bartake in 1974 Miss Teenage Intercontinental: Elizabeth Anita Reddi in 1978 Miss World Amber : Mala Rai Singani in 1978. World Miss University: Priyadarshini Pradhan in 1989 Miss Universe: Sushmita Sen in 1994 Miss India Worldwide: Karminder Kaur Virk in 1994. Miss Intercontinental: Lara Dutta in 1997. Mr. International: Aryan Vaid in 2000 Manhunt International: Rajeev Singh in 2001 Miss Tourism International: Candice Pinto in 2001 Mrs. World: Aditi Gowitrikar in 2001 Miss Tourism Queen International: Zabina Abdul Rashid Khan in 2004 Miss World Tourism : Sonal Chauhan in 2005. Best Model of the World : Siddharth Shukla in 2005 Miss Tourism: Priyanka Shah in 2007 Miss Earth: Nicole Faria in 2010 Miss Tourism Queen of the Year International: Urvashi Rautela in 2011 Miss Asia Pacific World: Himangini Singh Yadu in 2012 Mister United Nations : Rahul Vyas in 2013 Miss Supranational : Asha Bhat in 2014 Miss Universal Peace and Humanity : Ruhi Singh in 2014 Miss Tourism International (China Version) : Parul Bindal in 2014 First Indian to win any literary award (the Newbery Medal) in the United States, in 1927 for Gay Neck, the Story of a Pigeon: Dhan Gopal Mukerji Mr. World - Rohit Khadelwal First Indian to win Mr World Nirad C. Chaudhuri, first Indian to win a major non-fiction award, the Duff Cooper Prize in the United Kingdom, in 1966 for The Continent of Circe Man Booker Prize: Arundhati Roy for her novel "The God of Small Things" in the year 1997. Bhaswati Bhattacharya was the first Indian to speak as Orator at the Harvard University, in the Commencement Exercises in 1993. Bharat Ratna: Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, C. Rajagopalachari, and C. V. Raman in 1954 Padma Vibhushan: Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, V. K. Krishna Menon in 1954 Param Vir Chakra : Major Somnath Sharma Commandeur of the Order of Arts and Letters: Mrinal Sen Chevalier of the Order of Arts and Letters: Sivaji Ganesan Dadasaheb Phalke Award: Devika Rani in 1969 Ashoka Chakra Award to a civilian: D.K. Jatar (posthumous) and M.C Dixit, captain and co-captain respectively, of the sabotaged plane Kashmir Princess, for "most conspicuous bravery, daring and self-sacrifice" Magsaysay Award: Vinoba Bhave, 1958 Stalin Peace Prize (now known as Lenin Peace Prize) in 1952–Saifuddin Kitchlew Oscar for Lifetime Achievement – Satyajit Ray Nishan-e-Pakistan: Morarji Desai, 1990 Nobel Prize 1913: Literature: Rabindranath Tagore; was also the first Asian to win the prize 1930: Physics: C. V. Raman; first Asian and first non-white person to win Science nobel prize. 1968: medicine: Har Gobind Khorana; US citizen of Indian origin 1979: Peace: Mother Teresa; Indian citizen of Albanian origin 1998: Economics: Amartya Sen 2009: Chemistry: Venkatraman Ramakrishnan; US citizen of Indian origin 2014: Peace: Kailash Sathyarthi (first Indian-born) Oscar 1982 – Bhanu Athaiya for Costume Design 1992 – Satyajit Ray, Honorary Oscar 2009 – A. R. Rahman for Best Original Song, Best Original Score 2009 – Resul Pookutty for Sound Mixing 2009 – Gulzar for Best Original Song Defence President of Indian Republic: Dr. Rajendra Prasad Prime Minister of Indian Republic: Pandit Jawaharlal Nehru Vice President of Indian Republic: Dr. Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Defence Minister of India: Baldev Singh Commander-in-Chief of Free India:Kodandera Madappa Cariappa Indian Commander-in-Chief of Free India: General Kodandera Madappa Cariappa,1949 Chief of Air Staff: Subroto Mukerjee Indian Chief of Staff Indian Army: Maharaj Shri Rajendrasinhji Jadeja Commander-in-Chief, IAF: Subroto Mukerjee Chief of Naval Staff: Sir Charles Thomas Mark Pizey First Indian (pre-Independence) flying ace: Indra Lal Roy India's first military helicopter pilot: Air Commodore Sudhindra Kumar Majumdar Cosmonaut: Sqn Ldr Rakesh Sharma, 1984 Field Marshal: Sam Manekshaw (S.H.F Manekshaw), 1973 First female Jawan in the Army: Sapper Shanti Tigga First Param Vir Chakra winner: Major Som Nath Sharma  Exploration Person to ride alone around the world on motorcycle: Bharadwaj Dayala Person to fly in a balloon and land in a parachute: Shibnath Majumdar Person to reach the South Pole: Colonel Jatinder Kumar Bajaj Woman to scale Mount Everest: Bachendri Pal on 23 May 1984; the 5th woman in the world to scale the peak Person to reach Mount Everest without oxygen: Sherpa Anga Dorjee Woman to reach South Pole: Reena Kaushal Dharmshaktu Person to reach the North Pole: Jagannathan Srinivasaraghavan on 23 April 1985. Person to have walked across Gobi desert: Sucheta Kadethankar Youngest person in the world to climb Everest: Malavath Purna on 25 May 2014 at the age of 13  Governance in men President of the Indian National Congress: Womesh Chandra Bannerjee, 1885 President of the Indian National Congress of independent India: Acharya Kripalani, until November 1947 President: Rajendra Prasad (1950–62) The first Chief Election Commissioner: Sukumar Sen Industries and Supplies Minister: Shyama Prasad Mukherjee The first person to resign from the Central Cabinet: Shyama Prasad Mukherjee Vice-President: Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan Prime Minister: Jawaharlal Nehru (1947–64); India held its first constitutional elections in 1952 after which he was re-elected Deputy Prime Minister: Vallabhbhai Patel (1947–50) Law Minister of India: B. R. Ambedkar Leader of Opposition: A. K. Gopalan Prime Minister to be voted out of office: Indira Gandhi (1977), when the Indian National Congress lost to the Janata Party Non-Congress government: Janata Party, with Morarji Desai as the Prime Minister (1977–1980) Non-Congress State government with Majority by a single party: E. M. S. Namboodiripad of CPI, Kerala 1957 Prime Minister to lead a minority government for a full term (five years): P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 Person outside the Nehru-Gandhi family to serve as Prime Minister for a full term (five years): P. V. Narasimha Rao, 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996 Non Congress Prime Minister to serve a full term: Atal Bihari Vajpayee Prime Minister from South India: P. V. Narasimha Rao, 1991, H.D.Deve Gowda The first Viceroy of India: Lord Canning, 1858 Governor-General of India: Warren Hastings, 1773 Governor-General of Independent India: Lord Mountbatten, 1947 Indian Governor-General of Indian Union: C Rajagopalachari, 1948 Chief Justice of India: H. J. Kania (1947–51) First Sikh Prime Minister: Manmohan Singh (2004–14) First Muslim President: Zakir Hussain (1967–69) First Sikh President: Giani Zail Singh Indian ICS Officer: Satyendranath Tagore, 1863 Speaker of Lok Sabha: G. V. Mavlankar (1952–56) Finance Minister of Independent India: R. K. Shanmukham Chetty (1947–49), for others see First Nehru ministry Presentation of the first budget after India's Independence: R. K. Shanmukham Chetty on 26 November 1947 First Home Minister of India: Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel First Indian President to die in Office: Zakir Hussain, 3 May 1969 First Chief Minister to die in Office: C. N. Annadurai, Tamil Nadu First Indian Prime Minister to resign from office: Morarji Desai, 1979 First Prime Minister born after India's independence: Narendra Modi, born 17 September 1950   Categories: List of First, Indian Lists,

Civil Services Prilims 2016

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Gujarat

Gujarat is a state in Western India, sometimes referred to as the "Jewel of Western India". It has an area of 196,024 km2 (75,685 sq mi) with a coastline of 1,600 km (990 mi). The state is bordered by Rajasthan to the north, Maharashtra to the south, Madhya Pradesh to the east, and the Arabian Sea and the Pakistani province of Sindh to the west. Its capital city is Gandhinagar, while its largest city is Ahmedabad. The state encompasses some sites of the ancient Indus Valley Civilization, such as Lothal and Dholavira. Lothal is believed to be one of the world's first seaports. Gujarat's coastal cities, chiefly Bharuch and Khambhat, served as ports and trading centres in the Maurya and Gupta empires. The British East India Company established a factory in Surat in 1614. After Indian independence and the partition of India in 1947, the new Indian government grouped the former princely states of Gujarat into three larger units; Saurashtra, Kutch, and Bombay state. Split of Bombay state on linguistic lines; on 1 May 1960, and it became the new states of Gujarat and Maharashtra. The first capital of Gujarat was Ahmedabad; the capital was moved to Gandhinagar in 1970. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport is at Ahmedabad. Mahatma Gandhi, Muhammad Ali Jinnah, Abdul Sattar Edhi, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel, Morarji Desai, Narendra Modi etc are from Gujara Categories: States in India, Gujarat,

A.K.Dasgupta

Amiya Kumar Dasgupta (16 July 1903 – 14 January 1992) was an Indian economist. He has been described as "one of the founding fathers of modern economics in India" and "a true pioneer in developmental economics". His was the father of the economist Sir Partha Dasgupta. Dasgupta was born in Bhanga, Faridpur district, East Bengal, Bengal Presidency, British India (now Bangladesh). His childhood was spent in Goila, a village in Barisal district. Dasgupta was one of the founders, in 1949, of the internationally known journal The Economic Weekly (current name, Economic and Political Weekly). He was President of the Indian Economic Association in 1959. Categories:Indian Economists, 1903 Births, 1992 Deaths, Bengal People,

Odisha

Odisha is one of the 29 states of India, located in the eastern coast. Odisha lies between the latitudes 17.780N and 22.730N, and between longitudes 81.37E and 87.53E. The state has an area of 155,707 km2, which is 4.87% of total area of India. It is surrounded by the states of West Bengal to the north-east, Jharkhand to the north, Chhattisgarh to the west and north-west, and Andhra Pradesh to the south and south-west. Odisha has 485 kilometres (301 mi) of coastline along the Bay of Bengal on its east, from Balasore to Malkangiri. It is the 9th largest state by area, and the 11th largest by population. Odia (formerly known as Oriya) is the official and most widely-spoken language in Odisha. The ancient kingdom of Kalinga, which was invaded by the Mauryan emperor Ashoka in 261 BCE resulting in the Kalinga War, coincides with the borders of modern-day Odisha. The modern state of Orissa was established on 1 April 1936, as a province in British India, and consisted predominantly of Odia-speaking regions. April 1 is celebrated as Odisha Day. The region is also known as Utkala and is mentioned in India's national anthem, "Jana Gana Mana". Cuttack was made the capital of the region by Anantavarman Chodaganga in c. 1135, after which the city was used as the capital by many rulers, through the British era until 1948. Bhubaneswar became the capital of Odisha in 1948. Odisha contributes 21 members to Lok Sabha. The main parties active in the politics of Odisha are the Biju Janata Dal, the Indian National Congress and Bhartiya Janata Party. The Odisha Legislative Assembly consists of 147 elected members. There are 30 districts in Odisha — Angul, Balangir, Balasore, Bargarh, Bhadrak, Boudh, Cuttack, Debagarh, Dhenkanal, Gajapati, Ganjam, Jagatsinghpur, Jajpur, Jharsuguda, Kandhamal, Kalahandi, Kendrapara, Keonjhar, Khordha, Koraput, Malkangiri, Mayurbhanj, Nabarangpur, Nayagarh, Nuapada, Puri, Rayagada, Sambalpur, Subarnapur, Sundargarh. Rourkela Steel Plant was the first integrated steel plant in the public sector in India, built with collaboration of Germany. Odissi (Orissi) dance and music are classical art forms of Odisha. Famous  Tourism places in Odisha are Lingaraja Temple at Bhubaneswar, Jagannath Temple, Puri and the Konark Sun Temple. Categories: States in India, Odisha,

AP EdCET Social 2015

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Kerala

Kerala is an Indian state in South India on the Malabar coast. It was formed on 1 November 1956. This state spread over 38,863 km2 (15,005 sq mi), lying between northern latitudes 8°18' and 12°48' and eastern longitudes 74°52' and 77°22'. It is bordered by Karnataka to the north and northeast, Tamil Nadu to the east and south, and the Lakshadweep Sea to the west. With 33,387,677 inhabitants as per the 2011 Census, Kerala is the thirteenth largest state by population. Kerala is divided into 14 districts with the capital being Thiruvananthapuram. Malayalam is the most widely spoken language and is also the official language of the state. The region has been a prominent spice exporter since 3000 BCE. The Chera Dynasty was the first prominent kingdom based in Kerala, though it frequently struggled against attacks by the neighbouring Cholas and Pandyas. In the 15th century, the spice trade attracted Portuguese traders to Kerala, and paved the way for the European colonisation of India. After independence, Travancore and Cochin joined the Republic of India and Travancore-Cochin was given the status of a state in 1949. In 1956, Kerala state was formed by merging Malabar district, Travancore-Cochin (excluding four southern taluks), and the taluk of Kasargod, South Kanara. Kerala has the lowest positive population growth rate in India, 3.44%; highest Human Development Index (HDI), 0.790 in 2011; the highest literacy rate, 93.91% in the 2011 census; the highest life expectancy, 77 years; and the highest sex ratio, 1,084 women per 1000 men. The production of pepper and natural rubber contributes significantly to the total national output. In the agricultural sector, coconut, tea, coffee, cashew and spices are important. The state's coastline extends for 590 kilometres (370 mi). Kerala has three international airports: Trivandrum International Airport, Cochin International Airport and Calicut International Airport. Kerala has one major port, 17 minor ports and a few mini ports. Major cities of Kerala are - Thiruvananthapuram, Kochi, Kozhikode, Kollam, Thrissur, Kannur, Alappuzha, Palakkad. Onam is a harvest festival celebrated by the people of Kerala. Kerala is home to a number of performance arts. These include five classical dance forms: Kathakali, Mohiniyattam, Koodiyattom, Thullal and Krishnanattam. Categories: States in India, Kerala,

Nalanda

Nalanda was an acclaimed Mahavihara, a large Buddhist monastery in the ancient kingdom of Magadha (modern-day Bihar) in India. The site is located about 95 kilometres southeast of Patna near the town of Bihar Sharif, and was a centre of learning from the fifth century CE to c. 1200 CE. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Nalanda flourished under the patronage of the Gupta Empire in the 5th and 6th centuries and later under Harsha, the emperor of Kannauj. The liberal cultural traditions inherited from the Gupta age resulted in a period of growth and prosperity until the ninth century. The subsequent centuries were a time of gradual decline. At its peak, the school attracted scholars and students from near and far with some travelling all the way from Tibet, China, Korea, and Central Asia. Much of our knowledge of Nalanda comes from the writings of pilgrim monks from East Asia such as Xuanzang and Yijing who travelled to the Mahavihara in the 7th century. Nalanda was initially a prosperous village by a major trade route that ran through the nearby city of Rajagriha (modern Rajgir) which was then the capital of Magadha. Shakraditya is identified with the 5th-century CE Gupta emperor, Kumaragupta I, whose coin has been discovered at Nalanda. Traditional sources state that Nalanda was visited by both Mahavira and the Buddha in c. 6th and 5th century BCE. It is also the place of birth and nirvana of Shariputra, one of the famous disciples of Buddha. Categories:Ancient Indian History, Bihar,

Andhra Pradesh

Andhra Pradesh is one of the 29 states of India, situated on the southeastern coast of the country. The state is the eighth largest state in India covering an area of 160,205 km2 (61,855 sq mi). As per 2011 census of India, the state is tenth largest by population with 49,386,799 inhabitants. On 2 June 2014, the north-western portion of the state was bifurcated to form a new state of Telangana. In accordance with the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, Hyderabad will remain the de jure capital of both Andhra Pradesh and Telangana states for a period of time not exceeding 10 years. The new river-front proposed capital in Guntur district is Amaravati, which is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA. The state has a coastline of 974 km (605 mi), the second longest among all the states of India after Gujarat. It is bordered by Telangana in the north-west, Chhattisgarh in the north, Odisha in the north-east, Karnataka in the west, Tamil Nadu in the south and the water body of Bay of Bengal in the east. A small enclave of 30 km2 (12 sq mi) of Yanam, a district of Puducherry, lies south of Kakinada in the Godavari delta to the northeast of the state. There are two regions in the state namely Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema. These two regions comprise 13 districts, with 9 in Coastal Andhra and 4 in Rayalaseema. Visakhapatnam is the largest city and a commercial hub of the state. Categories: States in India, Andhra Pradesh,

Tamilnadu

Tamil Nadu is one of the 29 states of India. capital and largest city of Tamilnadu is Chennai (formerly known as Madras). Tamil Nadu lies in the southernmost part of the Indian Peninsula and is bordered by the union territory of Puducherry and the South Indian states of Kerala, Karnataka, and Andhra Pradesh. Tamilnadu is bounded by the Eastern Ghats on the north, by the Nilgiri, the Anamalai Hills, and Kerala on the west, by the Bay of Bengal in the east, by the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait on the southeast, and by the Indian Ocean on the south. Tamil Nadu is the eleventh-largest state in India by area and the sixth-most populous. Tamil Nadu is the second largest state economy in India with Rs 4,789 billion in gross domestic product. Official language of Tamilnadu is Tamil, which is one of the longest-surviving classical languages in the world. As per the religious census of 2011, Tamil Nadu had 87.6% Hindus, 5.9% Muslims, 6.1% Christians, 0.1% Jains and 0.3%. Tamil Nadu is a land most known for its monumental ancient Hindu temples and classical form of dance Bharata Natyam. Tamil Nadu has six Nationalised Home Banks which originated in this state. The Cauvery delta region is known as the Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu. The state is the largest producer of bananas, turmeric, flowers, tapioca, the second largest producer of mango, natural rubber, coconut, groundnut and the third largest producer of coffee, sapota, Tea and Sugarcane. Dr M.S. Swaminathan, known as the "father of the Indian Green Revolution" was from Tamil Nadu. Tamil Nadu has a well-developed rail network as part of Southern Railway. Tamil Nadu has four international airports namely Chennai International Airport, Coimbatore International Airport, Tiruchirapalli International Airport and Madurai International Airport. Kabbadi, a team contact sport originated in Tamil Nadu and is recognised as the state game. Tamil Nadu is also home to hill stations like Udhagamandalam (Ooty), Kodaikanal, Yercaud, Coonoor, Topslip, Valparai, Megamalai and Yelagiri. Madurai Meenakshi Amman Temple, Sri Ranganathaswamy Temple, Srirangam, Tiruchirappalli is the largest functioning temple in the Tamil Nadu, Rameshwaram whose temple walk-ways corridors are the longest 1.2 km (0.75 mi) of all Indian temples, Chidambaram, Thiruvannaamalai, Kanchipuram and Six Abodes of Murugan are amongst the important pilgrimage sites for Hindus. Categories:Indian States, Tamilnadu,

APPSC Group 2, 2011

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